Common Names: Pomegranate<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Latin Names: Punica granatum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Background<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pomegranate is a small, fruit-bearing tree native to Iran and northern India and cultivated around the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pomegranate, (Punica granatum), bush or small tree of the family Lythraceae and its fruit. The juicy arils of the fruit are eaten fresh, and the juice is the source of grenadine syrup, used in flavourings and liqueurs. Pomegranate is high in dietary fibre, folic acid, vitamin C, and vitamin K.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Physical description<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The plant, which may attain 5 or 7 metres (16 or 23 feet) in height, has elliptic to lance-shaped, bright-green leaves about 7.5 cm (3 inches) long. The handsome axillary orange-red flowers are borne toward the ends of the branchlets. The calyx (comprising the sepals) is tubular and persistent and has five to seven lobes; the petals are lance-shaped, inserted between the calyx lobes. The ovary is embedded in the calyx tube and contains several compartments in two series, one above the other.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancient writings described pomegranate as a sacred fruit that provided fertility, abundance, and luck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Preparations from pomegranate including the juice or extract have been promoted for prevention or treatment of many conditions including heart disease, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol levels, cancer, and diabetes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The fruit is the size of a large orange, obscurely six-sided, with a smooth leathery skin that ranges from brownish yellow to red; within, it is divided into several chambers containing many thin transparent arils of reddish, juicy pulp, each surrounding an angular elongated seed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
How Much Do We Know?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
We don\u2019t have a lot of strong scientific evidence on the effects of pomegranate on people\u2019s health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What Have We Learned?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The pomegranate fruit contains substances with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. However, the limited research that\u2019s been completed so far has not shown benefits of pomegranate in preventing or treating heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, cancer, diabetes, or other conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What Do We Know About Safety?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pomegranate juice is believed to be safe. Pomegranate extract may also be safe. Pomegranate root, stem, and peel may not be safe when consumed in large amounts because they contain substances that can have harmful effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pomegranate usually doesn\u2019t have side effects, but digestive tract symptoms, especially diarrhea, may occur in a small number of people. Allergic reactions to pomegranate have been reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Little is known about whether it\u2019s safe to use pomegranate extract during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Drinking pomegranate juice at these times may be safe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Phytochemicals<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Processing<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The phenolic content of pomegranate juice is degraded by processing and pasteurization techniques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Juice<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The most abundant phytochemicals in pomegranate juice are polyphenols, including the hydrolyzable tannins called ellagitannins formed when ellagic acid and gallic acid bind with a carbohydrate to form pomegranate ellagitannins, also known as punicalagins. The red color of the juice is attributed to anthocyanins, such as delphinidin, cyanidin, and glycosides of pelargonidin. Generally, an increase in juice pigmentation occurs during fruit ripening.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peel<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pomegranate peel contains high amount of polyphenols, condensed tannins, catechins, and prodelphinidins. The higher phenolic content of the peel yields extracts for use in dietary supplements and food preservatives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Seed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pomegranate seed oil contains punicic acid (65%), palmitic acid (5%), stearic acid (2%), oleic acid (6%), and linoleic acid (7%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Health claims<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Despite limited research data, manufacturers and marketers of pomegranate juice have liberally used results from preliminary research to promote products. In February 2010. the FDA issued a warning letter to one such manufacturer, POM Wonderful, for using published literature to make illegal claims of unproven anti-disease effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In May 2016. the US Federal Trade Commission declared that POM Wonderful could not make health claims in its advertising, followed by a US Supreme Court ruling that declined a request by POM Wonderful to review the court ruling, upholding the FTC decision.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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