Oleanolic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid widely found in plants:
1. Basic Information
English name: Oleanolic acid
Alias: Oleanolic acid hydrate, hyoscyamine, stilbene, hyoscyamine hydrate, etc.
Chemical name: 3β-hydroxy-olea-12-en-28-oic acid
CAS No.: 508-02-1
Molecular Formula: C30H48O3
Molecular weight: 456.70000
2. Source and extraction
The main extraction sources of oleanolic acid include:
Leaves of Oleander, family Lignaceae
Fruit of Ligustrum officinale
Whole herb of Gentianaceae plant, Gentiana glauca
Kawasaki swertia, a plant of the family Cnidariaceae and the family Cnidariaceae
Leaves and roots of Cynanchum sativum, family Umbelliferae
Root and stem bark of aralia araliaceae, family Cucurbitaceae.
Tuberous roots of Cucurbitaceae plants, such as the large-seeded snow urchin, the lovely snow urchin, and the Chinese snow urchin (Golden Turtle Lotus, Luo Pan Di).
Oleanolic acid can be extracted from the corresponding parts of these plants, and the common extraction methods include alcohol extraction and water extraction.
3. Physical properties
Oleanolic acid is white needle crystal (ethanol), odourless, tasteless. Its melting point is high, generally between 308 ~ 310 ℃. Oleanolic acid is insoluble in water, but soluble in methanol, ethanol, ether, acetone and chloroform and other organic solvents.
4. Pharmacological efficacy
Oleanolic acid has a variety of pharmacological effects, including:
Hepatoprotective effect: oleanolic acid has obvious protective effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute and chronic liver injury in rats, can reduce steatosis and fibrosis of hepatocytes, promote hepatocyte regeneration, and reduce serum glutamic acid transaminase activity. It has been clinically applied to the adjuvant treatment of acute and chronic hepatitis.
Lipid-lowering and glucose-lowering effects: oleanolic acid can reduce the content of serum triglycerides and cholesterol in hyperlipidemic rats, and reduce the deposition of lipids in organs. At the same time, oleanolic acid can also reduce blood glucose by inhibiting the activity of α-glucosidase, and it also has an inhibitory effect on tetroxine-induced hyperglycaemia in rats.
Other effects: oleanolic acid also has anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, inhibit liver fibroplasia and other effects. In addition, it protects against chromosomal damage and prevents experimental atherosclerosis.